The Shadow Economy in Western Europe
Written by: Søren Pedersen
The authors discuss both more theoretical attempts to measure the size of the undeclared sector of the economy and calculations based on interviews with large representative samples of the population. The paper also contains a discussion of the continuing methodological developments in the area. There is a description of the EU’s thinking on how the undeclared sector can be integrated into national accounts, and updated figures for Denmark are provided for 1996-97.
Latest releases on the same welfare topic
Research report
Employers and Refugee Economic Integration: The Effect of Early Employer Quality
August 2026
Research report
Value based leadership in the public sector
June 2026
Research report
Reskilling and Resilience
May 2026
Research report
Where Production Meets Automation: Robots and the International Geography of Production
April 2026